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• 15 Oct, 2025
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The turbocharger is one of the important components of an engine. Its function is to increase the engine power. After damage, the intake is insufficient, the combustion chamber pressure is low, and the diesel combustion is incomplete, resulting in a decrease in the crankshaft speed of the engine and a weakening of the output force. The force of the crankshaft's rotation is transmitted to the flywheel, which is connected to the elastic plate and cover wheel of the torque converter. The cover wheel is then connected to the pump wheel and the diversifying gear. The slave gear controls the drive shaft of the steering pump and the drive shafts of the hydraulic pump and the variable speed pump. Therefore, the damage of the turbocharger will affect the overall weakness of the machine.

Part One: The Structure and Working Principle of Turbochargers

Its structure is very simple, but the design is extremely precise. The exhaust gas emitted by the engine enters the two holes of the green circle, driving the turbine blades of the yellow circle to rotate, and at the same time, it drives the compressor blades of the other end of the purple circle to rotate at high speed. They share a shaft, and the turbocharger starts to work. The high-speed rotating compressor forces the air after the filter element into the intake pipe. When the intake valve opens, the intake volume in the combustion chamber increases, and the diesel atomized by the fuel injector burns more completely, thereby enhancing the engine's power. The blue circle is the oil inlet hole and the black circle is the oil return hole.

2. For the compressor housing, remove the fixing bolts with a 10-wrench wrench and tap them open with a small hammer. After knocking it open, you can see the compressor impeller and the orange O-ring seal. The 13 wrench for the turbine housing fixing bolt, due to the high-temperature exhaust gas causing it to heat up, rusts after cooling and is prone to seizing.

3. The turbine blades of the turbocharger rotate at high speed and require engine oil to lubricate the internal bearings to extend their service life. Engine oil enters the upper hole through the engine pressure pipe joint, lubricates the internal floating bearing and shaft, and then returns to the oil pan through the lower hole. When installing a new turbocharger, the oil inlet hole must be filled with engine oil. The turbine blade and the compressor blade share one shaft. When disassembling, the other end must be fixed. One end is a 19 wrench and the other end is an 11 box wrench. Remember, it is a reverse thread bolt. After knocking out the shaft, the compressor blades can be removed. The cover plate is fixed with Allen bolts.

After knocking on the cover plate, there is an O-ring and a bearing inside, and there is a sealing ring on the bearing. There is also a sealing ring on the shaft head of the turbine blade. The high-speed rotating turbocharger, the turbine blades and the back of the compressor all have a certain amount of air pressure. The function of these two sealing rings is to seal the air pressure and the engine oil, preventing the air pressure from entering the interior of the intermediate body.

5. The intermediate rotor shaft floating bearing component is simply and precisely designed, with all oil passage holes inside.

Part Two: Causes of Turbocharger Damage

The high-speed rotating turbocharger has its internal bearings lubricated and protected by engine oil. If the turbocharger is damaged, the entire assembly is usually replaced directly.

Factors causing damage:

1.. The sealing ring is worn. When the sealing rings of the compressor and the turbine blades are damaged, they cannot seal the engine oil, resulting in oil leakage. The sealing ring of the compressor is damaged, and the engine oil enters the combustion chamber. The sealing ring of the turbine blade was damaged, the high-temperature turbine housing carbonized the engine oil, and white smoke came out of the exhaust tailpipe.

2. Wear of floating bearings. Excessive wear clearance between the rotating shaft, bearings and bearing holes leads to oil leakage.

3. The return oil pipe is clogged. The oil pressure in the middle body rises, and the oil is pushed out of the sealing ring, causing oil leakage.

4. The crankcase air pressure is too high, causing the oil-gas separator to be clogged. A portion of the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion in the combustion chamber leaked into the crankcase through the piston rings, increasing the pressure of the exhaust gas. The gas pressure randomly crossed and entered the return oil pipe of the turbocharger, causing poor oil return.

5. The intake negative pressure is large. The air filter element is clogged with excessive dust, and negative pressure oil leakage occurs on the back of the compressor.

6. High engine temperature. The high temperature of the engine causes the exhaust temperature to rise as well, which in turn raises the temperature of the turbocharger, leading to the failure of the sealing ring and oil leakage.

7. The engine oil is too dirty. The lubricating performance of engine oil deteriorates due to coking.

8. The oil pump is damaged. The oil pump is not working properly, resulting in low oil pressure and inability to supply oil normally, which leads to dry wear of the bearings in the middle body of the turbocharger.

Summary

To extend the service life of the turbocharger, it is necessary to use the engine correctly and maintain it as prescribed. Before starting the engine, it is necessary to check whether the oil level and water content meet the requirements. The engine must be preheated. Only when the oil pressure rises and the lubrication system is normal can it be put into operation. Do not turn off the engine immediately after heavy work. The air filter element, engine oil and oil filter element must be replaced as required. Regularly check the sealing of the intake system to prevent foreign objects from entering the turbocharger. Engine malfunctions are ever-changing. One is never too old to learn.